Norway has implemented one of the most advanced prison systems globally, focusing on rehabilitation and reintegration rather than punishment. Despite this, there is a high prevalence of mental health issues among inmates in Norwegian prisons. A study conducted by Solakken et al. (2023) delved into the beliefs and coping strategies of incarcerated individuals regarding their mental health within the prison environment.
‘Prisonization’ can change how someone thinks, feels, and behaves. There is limited insight into how this might influence their beliefs about mental health and ways of coping.
Understanding Mental Health in Prisons
The study employed a qualitative approach, conducting in-depth interviews with inmates from three male prisons in Northern Norway. Participants shared their experiences and perspectives on mental health, prison life, and coping mechanisms. The analysis revealed three key themes related to mental health beliefs and management within the prison context.
Theme 1: Perspectives on Mental Health
Participants viewed mental health as a complex concept encompassing balance and well-being. They highlighted the importance of social connections and meaningful activities for maintaining mental well-being. Symptoms of depression and anxiety were frequently reported, with a strong emphasis on the detrimental impact of the prison environment on mental health.
Participants perceived that prison conditions such as time spent alone and lack of autonomy had a marked impact on mental health.
Theme 2: Impact of Imprisonment
Prisonization was found to significantly influence inmates’ beliefs about mental health, with a clear connection between the prison environment and worsening mental health outcomes. Social isolation, lack of autonomy, and inadequate activities were identified as factors contributing to deteriorating mental health.
Theme 3: Management Strategies
Participants preferred psychosocial interventions over medication for managing mental health issues. While acknowledging the efficacy of medication, concerns about side effects and dependency were raised. However, ADHD diagnosis was more accepted, and medication for ADHD was viewed differently.
Implications and Recommendations
The study highlights the intricate relationship between mental health beliefs and the prison environment, indicating a need for holistic approaches to mental health care in prisons. It emphasizes the importance of social support, meaningful activities, and non-pharmacological interventions for promoting mental well-being among inmates.
Policy makers and healthcare providers should consider these findings in developing mental health interventions and improving overall well-being in prison settings. Incorporating peer support programs, enhancing social connections, and providing opportunities for meaningful engagement can significantly impact inmates’ mental health and rehabilitation prospects.
These findings suggest that prisons should adopt a holistic approach in improving mental wellbeing, taking into account the broader social, environmental, and cultural factors that influence mental well-being, as well as clinical symptoms.
Conclusion
The study sheds light on the interconnectedness of mental health beliefs, prisonization, and coping strategies among incarcerated individuals. By understanding these dynamics, healthcare providers and policymakers can tailor interventions to address the specific mental health needs of inmates and enhance their overall well-being.
References
Primary Paper
– Solbakken, L. E., Bergvik, S., & Wynn, R. (2023). Beliefs about mental health in incarcerated males: a qualitative interview study. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 14, 1242756.
Other References
– Berger, R. (2016). Kriminalomsorgen: A Look at the World’s Most Humane Prison System in Norway. Available at: https://ssrn.com/abstract=2883512
– Cramer, V. (2014). The prevalence of mental disorders among convicted inmates in Norwegian prisons. Oslo University Hospital. Available at: Hel_oppdatert_Victoria_Cramer_rapport_engelsk.pdf (sifer.no)
– Grav, S., Hellzèn, O., Romild, U. & Stordal, E. (2012). Association between social support and depression in the general population: the HUNT study, a cross-sectional survey. Journal of Clinical Nursing, 21,111-120.
– Haney, C. (2001). The psychological impact of incarceration: Implications for post-prison adjustment. University of California. Available at: The Psychological Impact of Incarceration: Implications for Post-Prison Adjustment | ASPE (hhs.gov)
– Irwin, J., & Cressey, D. R. (1962). Thieves, convicts and the inmate culture. Soc. Probs., 10, 142.
– Sykes, G. M. (2007). The society of captives: A study of a maximum security prison. Princeton University Press.
