As the oil and gas industry continues to expand rapidly across North America, there is growing concern about the impact of fossil fuel development on the health of pregnant individuals. Studies have linked oil and gas production to physical and mental health conditions during and after pregnancy, including preterm birth, birth defects, and psychological stress.
However, a recent study led by researchers at Boston University School of Public Health (BUSPH) has uncovered a new area of concern – the effects of living near oil and gas development sites while trying to conceive. The study, published in the American Journal of Public Health, found that individuals living close to active oil and gas development sites had a higher risk of developing moderate-to-severe depressive symptoms and high perceived stress levels.
The study, which utilized data from participants in the Pregnancy Study Online (PRESTO) based at BUSPH, highlighted the mental health risks associated with proximity to oil and gas development. Participants living within six miles of active development sites reported more depressive symptoms compared to those living further away. High perceived stress was also elevated among individuals living only 1.25 miles away from oil and gas development.
While much attention has been given to prenatal and postpartum health challenges, this study sheds light on the vulnerabilities of individuals during the preconception period – a phase of pregnancy that has been largely overlooked in research. Lead author Dr. Mary Willis emphasized the importance of identifying and mitigating potential hazards for mental health to ensure a healthy pregnancy.
The study analyzed data from over 5,700 PRESTO participants living in various regions of the US and Canada to assess the impact of residential proximity to oil and gas development on mental health. By focusing on individuals with household incomes below $50,000, the researchers aimed to understand the effects on those who may not have the financial resources to relocate away from oil and gas activity.
Using standardized metrics to measure mental health status, the study uncovered a potential connection between oil and gas development and psychological wellbeing. The researchers noted that the economic fluctuations associated with oil and gas development, known as “boom and bust” cycles, can contribute to heightened stress among nearby communities.
Despite the mental health risks identified in the study, many participants lived further away from oil and gas development sites than the minimum setback distances required by some states. This discrepancy raises concerns about the adequacy of current regulations for protecting individuals living near fossil fuel sites.
The researchers hope that their findings will raise awareness about the less visible health impacts of resource extraction in local communities and lead to improved regulations for health-protective setback distances. By addressing the mental health risks associated with oil and gas development, we can work towards creating a healthier environment for individuals trying to conceive and ultimately support healthier pregnancies.
